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اللغة:
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- أصل الكلمة
%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف
Medical cybernetics
THE APPLICATION OF CYBERNETICS TO MEDICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
Medical cybernetics is a branch of cybernetics which has been heavily affected by the development of the computer,Brian H. Rudall (2000).
Second-order cybernetics
![Diagram from [[Stewart Brand]]'s 1976 conversation with Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, noting that they and Norbert Wiener understood themselves as participant observers in contrast to the detached "input-output" approach typical of engineering](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SOCyberntics.png?width=200 "Diagram from [[Stewart Brand]]'s 1976 conversation with Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, noting that they and Norbert Wiener understood themselves as participant observers in contrast to the detached \"input-output\" approach typical of engineering")
THE OBSERVER IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SYSTEM BEING OBSERVED
Second order cybernetics; Cybernetics of cybernetics; New cybernetics; Metacybernetics; New Cybernetics; New Cybenertics
Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western science".
Engineering cybernetics
BRANCH OF CYBERNETICS CONCERNED WITH APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING
Technical cybernetics; Technical Cybernetics; Engineering Cybernetics
Engineering cybernetics also known as technical cybernetics or cybernetic engineering, is the branch of cybernetics concerned with applications in engineering, in fields such as control engineering and robotics.
